民间最有名的空城计故事取自《三国演义》，作者根据三国志裴松之注“郭冲三事”改编的一段故事。后被用于三十六计，意指虚虚实实，兵无常势。虚而示虚的疑兵之计，是一种疑中生疑的心理战，多用于己弱而敌强的情况。历史上也确有一些运用此计成功的例子，如张守圭守瓜州等。

the empty city stratagem (in which Zhuge Liang presents himself as unperturbed while making it evident that his city is undefended, hoping his adversary will suspect an ambush); double bluff